Grammar · HSK PAN

01

HSK3-L1 · Lesson 1

结果补语“好”

Verb + 好

Beginner explanation

Use 好 after a verb to show that something is finished well, ready, or decided.

When to use it

Use it when the action has a good/complete result, such as think it through, prepare it, or finish it.

Visual word order

我还没想好要不要跟你去呢

Verb + 好

Textbook example

我还没想好要不要跟你去呢。

wǒ hái méi xiǎng hǎo yào bu yào gēn nǐ qù neI'm not sure if I want to go with you.想好 = think and get a clear decision.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: V + 好 often means the thing is ready now. It is more than just doing the action.

Common mistakes

我还没想要不要好跟你去呢。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb + 好”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我还没想好要不要跟你去呢。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 还 + 没 + 想 + 好 + 要不要 + 跟 + 你 + 去 + 呢.

我还没想要不要跟你去呢。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “结果补语“好””.

我还没想好要不要跟你去呢。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 好 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb + 好. Look for the grammar word(s): 好.

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02

HSK3-L1 · Lesson 1

一……也/都 + 不/没……

一 + Measure word + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb

Beginner explanation

This means “not even one”. It makes a negative sentence stronger.

When to use it

Use 不 for habits or present/future. Use 没 for completed past actions.

Visual word order

我一个苹果也不吃

一 + Measure word + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb

Textbook example

我一个苹果也不吃。

wǒ yí ge píngguǒ yě bù chīI don't eat a single apple.一个苹果也不吃 = not even one apple.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Put 一 + measure word + noun before 也/都. Then use 不 or 没 before the verb.

Common mistakes

我一个苹果不也吃。

The word order does not follow the pattern “一 + Measure word + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我一个苹果也不吃。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 一个 + 苹果 + 也 + 不 + 吃.

我一个苹果不吃。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “一……也/都 + 不/没……”.

我一个苹果也不吃。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 一、也、都、不、没 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 一 + Measure word + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb. Look for the grammar word(s): 一、也、都、不、没.

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03

HSK3-L1 · Lesson 1

一点儿 + N + 也/都 + 不/没 + V

一点儿 + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb

Beginner explanation

This means “not any”. It is used with uncountable things or general things.

When to use it

Use it when you want to say you do not eat/drink/buy/understand any amount of something.

Visual word order

我一点儿东西也不吃

一点儿 + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb

Textbook example

我一点儿东西也不吃。

wǒ yìdiǎnr dōngxi yě bù chīI don't eat anything.一点儿东西 = even a little thing.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 一点儿 is for a small amount. With 也/都 + 不/没, it becomes “none at all”.

Common mistakes

我东西一点儿也不吃。

The word order does not follow the pattern “一点儿 + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我一点儿东西也不吃。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 一点儿 + 东西 + 也 + 不 + 吃.

我东西也不吃。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “一点儿 + N + 也/都 + 不/没 + V”.

我一点儿东西也不吃。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 一点儿、也、都、不、没 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 一点儿 + Noun + 也/都 + 不/没 + Verb. Look for the grammar word(s): 一点儿、也、都、不、没.

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04

HSK3-L1 · Lesson 1

一点儿也/都 + 不 + Adj

一点儿 + 也/都 + 不 + Adjective

Beginner explanation

This means “not ... at all”. It makes an adjective completely negative.

When to use it

Use it with feelings or descriptions: not busy at all, not worried at all, not cold at all.

Visual word order

我一点儿也不着急

一点儿 + 也/都 + 不 + Adjective

Textbook example

我一点儿也不着急。

wǒ yìdiǎnr yě bù zháojíI'm in no hurry at all.不着急 = not worried/in a hurry.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Do not put 了 after this pattern unless you really show a change.

Common mistakes

我也一点儿不着急。

The word order does not follow the pattern “一点儿 + 也/都 + 不 + Adjective”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我一点儿也不着急。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 一点儿 + 也 + 不 + 着急.

我也不着急。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “一点儿也/都 + 不 + Adj”.

我一点儿也不着急。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 一点儿、也、都、不 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 一点儿 + 也/都 + 不 + Adjective. Look for the grammar word(s): 一点儿、也、都、不.

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Build the example sentence

05

HSK3-L1 · Lesson 1

连词“那”

A: sentence. B: 那 + sentence.

Beginner explanation

那 means “then” or “in that case”. It connects your answer to what someone just said.

When to use it

Use it in conversations when the second speaker decides something because of the first sentence.

Visual word order

我不想去看电影

A: sentence. B: 那 + sentence.

Textbook example

我不想去看电影。

wǒ bù xiǎng qù kàn diànyǐngI don't want to go to the movies.The next answer can start with 那.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 那 is very useful in daily speech. It makes your reply sound natural.

Common mistakes

不我想去看电影。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A: sentence. B: 那 + sentence.”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我不想去看电影。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 不 + 想 + 去 + 看 + 电影.

我想去看电影。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “连词“那””.

我不想去看电影。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 那 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A: sentence. B: 那 + sentence.. Look for the grammar word(s): 那.

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06

HSK3-L2 · Lesson 2

简单趋向补语：V + 来/去

Verb + 来/去

Beginner explanation

来 means the action moves toward the speaker. 去 means it moves away from the speaker.

When to use it

Use it after movement verbs like 上, 下, 进, 出, 回, 过, 带.

Visual word order

我们过去那边坐一下吧

Verb + 来/去

Textbook example

我们过去那边坐一下吧。

wǒmen guòqù nàbiān zuò yíxià baLet's go over there and sit for a moment.过去 = move away to that side.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Ask yourself: toward me/place = 来; away from me/place = 去.

Common mistakes

过去我们那边坐一下吧。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb + 来/去”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我们过去那边坐一下吧。

Put the words in this order: 我们 + 过去 + 那边 + 坐 + 一下 + 吧.

我们那边坐一下吧。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “简单趋向补语：V + 来/去”.

我们过去那边坐一下吧。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 来、去 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb + 来/去. Look for the grammar word(s): 来、去.

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07

HSK3-L2 · Lesson 2

两个动作连续发生：V了……就……

Action 1 + 了 + object, 就 + Action 2

Beginner explanation

This shows one action happens immediately after another.

When to use it

Use it for daily habits or quick sequence: after eating, then sleep; after arriving, then call.

Visual word order

你每天晚上吃了饭就睡觉

Action 1 + 了 + object, 就 + Action 2

Textbook example

你每天晚上吃了饭就睡觉。

nǐ měitiān wǎnshang chī le fàn jiù shuì jiàoYou go to bed immediately after eating every night.吃了饭就睡觉 = after eating, immediately sleep.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: The 就 tells the listener the second action happens soon after the first.

Common mistakes

你每天晚上吃饭了就睡觉。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Action 1 + 了 + object, 就 + Action 2”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

你每天晚上吃了饭就睡觉。

Put the words in this order: 你 + 每天 + 晚上 + 吃 + 了 + 饭 + 就 + 睡觉.

你每天晚上吃饭就睡觉。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “两个动作连续发生：V了……就……”.

你每天晚上吃了饭就睡觉。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 了、就 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Action 1 + 了 + object, 就 + Action 2. Look for the grammar word(s): 了、就.

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08

HSK3-L2 · Lesson 2

反问句“能……吗？”

能 + negative/question idea + 吗？

Beginner explanation

This is a rhetorical question. The speaker already thinks the answer is obvious.

When to use it

Use it to say “How could it be possible?” in a stronger, emotional way.

Visual word order

你每天吃了就睡能不胖吗

能 + negative/question idea + 吗？

Textbook example

你每天吃了就睡能不胖吗？

nǐ měitiān chī le jiù shuì néng bù pàng maYou eat and sleep every day. How could you not get fat?能不胖吗 = of course you will get fat.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: This form often sounds strong. Use it with care in polite situations.

Common mistakes

你每天吃了就睡不能胖吗？

The word order does not follow the pattern “能 + negative/question idea + 吗？”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

你每天吃了就睡能不胖吗？

Put the words in this order: 你 + 每天 + 吃 + 了 + 就 + 睡 + 能 + 不 + 胖 + 吗.

你每天吃了就睡不胖吗？

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “反问句“能……吗？””.

你每天吃了就睡能不胖吗？

Keep the grammar marker(s) 能、吗 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 能 + negative/question idea + 吗？. Look for the grammar word(s): 能、吗.

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09

HSK3-L3 · Lesson 3

“或者”和“还是”

A 或者 B. / A 还是 B?

Beginner explanation

或者 is used in statements. 还是 is used in questions or unsure clauses.

When to use it

Use 或者 when you give options in a sentence. Use 还是 when you ask someone to choose.

Visual word order

今晚吃米饭或者面条都可以

A 或者 B. / A 还是 B?

Textbook example

今晚吃米饭或者面条都可以。

jīn wǎn chī mǐfàn huòzhě miàntiáo dōu kěyǐYou can have rice or noodles tonight.或者 gives two choices in a statement.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Simple rule: question = 还是; statement = 或者.

Common mistakes

今晚吃米饭面条或者都可以。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A 或者 B. / A 还是 B?”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

今晚吃米饭或者面条都可以。

Put the words in this order: 今晚 + 吃 + 米饭 + 或者 + 面条 + 都 + 可以.

今晚吃米饭面条都可以。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““或者”和“还是””.

今晚吃米饭或者面条都可以。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 或者、还是 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A 或者 B. / A 还是 B?. Look for the grammar word(s): 或者、还是.

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10

HSK3-L3 · Lesson 3

存在的表达：Place + V着 + NP

Place + V着 + thing/person

Beginner explanation

This tells what exists or is placed somewhere. The verb with 着 shows a stable state.

When to use it

Use it to describe a room, table, wall, door, or place.

Visual word order

桌子上放着饮料

Place + V着 + thing/person

Textbook example

桌子上放着饮料。

zhuōzi shàng fàng zhe yǐnliàoThere are drinks on the table.放着 shows the drinks are placed there.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: This pattern starts with the place, not the person/thing.

Common mistakes

桌子上放饮料着。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Place + V着 + thing/person”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

桌子上放着饮料。

Put the words in this order: 桌子 + 上 + 放 + 着 + 饮料.

桌子上放饮料。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “存在的表达：Place + V着 + NP”.

桌子上放着饮料。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 着 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Place + V着 + thing/person. Look for the grammar word(s): 着.

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Build the example sentence

11

HSK3-L3 · Lesson 3

“会”表示可能

会 + Verb/Adjective + 的

Beginner explanation

会 can mean something is likely to happen or likely to feel a certain way.

When to use it

Use it when you predict a possible result.

Visual word order

喝杯热茶会很舒服

会 + Verb/Adjective + 的

Textbook example

喝杯热茶会很舒服。

hē bēi rè chá huì hěn shūfuIt will be nice to drink a hot cup of tea.会 shows the likely feeling.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 会 here is not skill. It means “probably will”.

Common mistakes

喝杯热茶很会舒服。

The word order does not follow the pattern “会 + Verb/Adjective + 的”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

喝杯热茶会很舒服。

Put the words in this order: 喝 + 杯 + 热茶 + 会 + 很 + 舒服.

喝杯热茶很舒服。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““会”表示可能”.

喝杯热茶会很舒服。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 会 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 会 + Verb/Adjective + 的. Look for the grammar word(s): 会.

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12

HSK3-L4 · Lesson 4

又……又……

又 + Adj/Verb 1 + 又 + Adj/Verb 2

Beginner explanation

Use 又...又... to say one person or thing has two good/bad features at the same time.

When to use it

Use it for two adjectives or two simple actions/descriptions.

Visual word order

她工作又热情又认真

又 + Adj/Verb 1 + 又 + Adj/Verb 2

Textbook example

她工作又热情又认真。

tā gōngzuò yòu rèqíng yòu rènzhēnShe works with enthusiasm and earnestness.Two good qualities are both true.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Do not use 和 between the two parts. Use 又 twice.

Common mistakes

她工作热情又又认真。

The word order does not follow the pattern “又 + Adj/Verb 1 + 又 + Adj/Verb 2”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

她工作又热情又认真。

Put the words in this order: 她 + 工作 + 又 + 热情 + 又 + 认真.

她工作热情又认真。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “又……又……”.

她工作又热情又认真。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 又 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 又 + Adj/Verb 1 + 又 + Adj/Verb 2. Look for the grammar word(s): 又.

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13

HSK3-L4 · Lesson 4

动作的伴随：V着 + V

Verb 1 + 着 + Verb 2

Beginner explanation

Use V着 to show how the main action happens. It is like “doing B while in the state of A”.

When to use it

Use it for posture, facial expression, or an ongoing action with another action.

Visual word order

她总是笑着跟客人说话

Verb 1 + 着 + Verb 2

Textbook example

她总是笑着跟客人说话。

tā zǒngshì xiào zhe gēn kèrén shuōhuàShe always talks to guests with a smile.笑着 tells the manner of talking.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: The V着 action is usually not the main action. It tells the background way.

Common mistakes

她总是笑跟着客人说话。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb 1 + 着 + Verb 2”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

她总是笑着跟客人说话。

Put the words in this order: 她 + 总是 + 笑 + 着 + 跟 + 客人 + 说话.

她总是笑跟客人说话。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “动作的伴随：V着 + V”.

她总是笑着跟客人说话。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 着 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb 1 + 着 + Verb 2. Look for the grammar word(s): 着.

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14

HSK3-L5 · Lesson 5

“了”表示变化

Sentence + 了

Beginner explanation

了 at the end can show a new situation or change.

When to use it

Use it when something is different now from before.

Visual word order

这条裙子是去年买的今年就不能穿了

Sentence + 了

Textbook example

这条裙子是去年买的今年就不能穿了。

zhè tiáo qúnzi shì qùnián mǎi de jīnnián jiù bù néng chuān leI bought this skirt last year, but I can't wear it this year.了 shows the situation changed.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Sentence-final 了 often means “now it is different”.

Common mistakes

这条裙子是去年买的今年就不能了穿。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Sentence + 了”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

这条裙子是去年买的今年就不能穿了。

Put the words in this order: 这 + 条 + 裙子 + 是 + 去年 + 买 + 的 + 今年 + 就 + 不能 + 穿 + 了.

这条裙子是去年买的今年就不能穿。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““了”表示变化”.

这条裙子是去年买的今年就不能穿了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 了 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Sentence + 了. Look for the grammar word(s): 了.

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15

HSK3-L5 · Lesson 5

越来越……

越来越 + adjective/mental verb

Beginner explanation

Use 越来越 to say something is becoming more and more.

When to use it

Use it for changes that continue over time.

Visual word order

我做的饭越来越好吃

越来越 + adjective/mental verb

Textbook example

我做的饭越来越好吃。

wǒ zuò de fàn yuèláiyuè hǎochīMy cooking is getting better and better.越来越好吃 = more and more tasty.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 越来越 is for a trend, not one sudden change.

Common mistakes

我做的饭好吃越来越。

The word order does not follow the pattern “越来越 + adjective/mental verb”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我做的饭越来越好吃。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 做 + 的 + 饭 + 越来越 + 好吃.

我做的饭好吃。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “越来越……”.

我做的饭越来越好吃。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 越来越 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 越来越 + adjective/mental verb. Look for the grammar word(s): 越来越.

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16

HSK3-L6 · Lesson 6

可能补语：V得/不 + 结果/方向补语

Verb + 得/不 + complement

Beginner explanation

This tells whether someone can or cannot complete an action with a result or direction.

When to use it

Use 得 when the result is possible. Use 不 when it is not possible.

Visual word order

我看得清楚那个汉字

Verb + 得/不 + complement

Textbook example

我看得清楚那个汉字。

wǒ kàn de qīngchu nàge HànzìI can see that Chinese character clearly.看得清楚 = can see clearly.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: V不 + complement is not the same as 不 + V. It talks about ability/result.

Common mistakes

我看清楚得那个汉字。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb + 得/不 + complement”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我看得清楚那个汉字。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 看 + 得 + 清楚 + 那个 + 汉字.

我看清楚那个汉字。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “可能补语：V得/不 + 结果/方向补语”.

我看得清楚那个汉字。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 得、不 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb + 得/不 + complement. Look for the grammar word(s): 得、不.

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17

HSK3-L6 · Lesson 6

可能补语疑问句

V不V得...？ / V得...V不...？

Beginner explanation

This asks if the result or direction is possible.

When to use it

Use it when you want to ask “Can you hear/see/finish/go up...?”

Visual word order

老师说的话你听不听得见

V不V得...？ / V得...V不...？

Textbook example

老师说的话你听不听得见？

lǎoshī shuō de huà nǐ tīng bù tīng de jiànCan you hear what the teacher says?Question form of 听得见.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Keep the complement after 得/不. Do not put it before the verb.

Common mistakes

老师说的话你听不听见得？

The word order does not follow the pattern “V不V得...？ / V得...V不...？”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

老师说的话你听不听得见？

Put the words in this order: 老师 + 说 + 的 + 话 + 你 + 听 + 不 + 听 + 得 + 见.

老师说的话你听不听见？

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “可能补语疑问句”.

老师说的话你听不听得见？

Keep the grammar marker(s) 得、不 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: V不V得...？ / V得...V不...？. Look for the grammar word(s): 得、不.

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18

HSK3-L6 · Lesson 6

“呢”询问处所

Noun + 呢？

Beginner explanation

Use 呢 after a noun to ask “Where is it?” when the place is clear from context.

When to use it

Use it for missing things or asking about a person’s location.

Visual word order

我的眼镜呢

Noun + 呢？

Textbook example

我的眼镜呢？

wǒ de yǎnjìng neWhere are my glasses?眼镜呢？ = Where are my glasses?

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: This is very short and natural. The situation tells what you are asking.

Common mistakes

我的呢眼镜？

The word order does not follow the pattern “Noun + 呢？”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我的眼镜呢？

Put the words in this order: 我的 + 眼镜 + 呢.

我的眼镜？

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““呢”询问处所”.

我的眼镜呢？

Keep the grammar marker(s) 呢 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Noun + 呢？. Look for the grammar word(s): 呢.

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19

HSK3-L6 · Lesson 6

“刚”和“刚才”

Subject + 刚 + Verb / 刚才 + sentence

Beginner explanation

刚 means “just” before a verb. 刚才 means “just now” and can stand at the beginning.

When to use it

Use 刚 for a recent completed action; use 刚才 for a short time in the past.

Visual word order

儿子刚做完作业

Subject + 刚 + Verb / 刚才 + sentence

Textbook example

儿子刚做完作业。

érzi gāng zuò wán zuòyèMy son has just finished his homework.刚 is before the verb.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 刚才 can be used alone as a time word. 刚 usually sits before the verb.

Common mistakes

儿子做刚完作业。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Subject + 刚 + Verb / 刚才 + sentence”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

儿子刚做完作业。

Put the words in this order: 儿子 + 刚 + 做 + 完 + 作业.

儿子做完作业。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““刚”和“刚才””.

儿子刚做完作业。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 刚、刚才 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Subject + 刚 + Verb / 刚才 + sentence. Look for the grammar word(s): 刚、刚才.

0/5

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20

HSK3-L7 · Lesson 7

时段的表达

Subject + Verb + 了 + duration + object (+了)

Beginner explanation

This says how long an action lasted or has continued.

When to use it

Use one 了 after the verb for a finished duration; add final 了 when it continues until now.

Visual word order

我们唱了两个小时歌

Subject + Verb + 了 + duration + object (+了)

Textbook example

我们唱了两个小时歌。

wǒmen chàng le liǎng ge xiǎoshí gēWe sang for two hours.唱了两个小时歌 = sang for a duration.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Duration does not usually go before the verb in this pattern.

Common mistakes

我们唱两个了小时歌。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Subject + Verb + 了 + duration + object (+了)”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我们唱了两个小时歌。

Put the words in this order: 我们 + 唱 + 了 + 两个 + 小时 + 歌.

我们唱两个小时歌。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “时段的表达”.

我们唱了两个小时歌。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 了 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Subject + Verb + 了 + duration + object (+了). Look for the grammar word(s): 了.

0/6

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21

HSK3-L7 · Lesson 7

用“半”“刻”“差”表达时间

点半 / 点一刻 / 差 + minutes + time

Beginner explanation

半 means half past. 一刻 means quarter past. 差 means minutes before the next hour.

When to use it

Use it to speak time naturally.

Visual word order

十点半

点半 / 点一刻 / 差 + minutes + time

Textbook example

十点半。

shí diǎn bàn10:30半 = 30 minutes.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 差 is like “short by”. 差十分八点 = ten minutes short of eight.

Common mistakes

十半点。

The word order does not follow the pattern “点半 / 点一刻 / 差 + minutes + time”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

十点半。

Put the words in this order: 十 + 点 + 半.

十点。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “用“半”“刻”“差”表达时间”.

十点半。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 半、刻、差 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 点半 / 点一刻 / 差 + minutes + time. Look for the grammar word(s): 半、刻、差.

0/3

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22

HSK3-L7 · Lesson 7

表达兴趣：对……感兴趣 / 有兴趣

对 + thing/action + 感兴趣 / 有兴趣

Beginner explanation

Use 对...感兴趣 or 对...有兴趣 to say someone is interested in something.

When to use it

The thing or activity comes after 对.

Visual word order

我对打篮球感兴趣

对 + thing/action + 感兴趣 / 有兴趣

Textbook example

我对打篮球感兴趣。

wǒ duì dǎ lánqiú gǎn xìngqùI'm interested in playing basketball.对 + activity + 感兴趣.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Put 对 before the topic, not after it.

Common mistakes

我打对篮球感兴趣。

The word order does not follow the pattern “对 + thing/action + 感兴趣 / 有兴趣”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我对打篮球感兴趣。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 对 + 打 + 篮球 + 感兴趣.

我打篮球感兴趣。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “表达兴趣：对……感兴趣 / 有兴趣”.

我对打篮球感兴趣。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 对、感兴趣、有兴趣 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 对 + thing/action + 感兴趣 / 有兴趣. Look for the grammar word(s): 对、感兴趣、有兴趣.

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23

HSK3-L8 · Lesson 8

“又”和“再”

又 + Verb = again in past; 再 + Verb = again in future

Beginner explanation

又 is for something repeated in the past or already happened. 再 is for something that will happen again.

When to use it

Use 又 with yesterday/today already happened. Use 再 with tomorrow/later.

Visual word order

我昨天看了一个电影今天又看一个

又 + Verb = again in past; 再 + Verb = again in future

Textbook example

我昨天看了一个电影今天又看一个。

wǒ zuótiān kàn le yí ge diànyǐng jīntiān yòu kàn yí geI saw a movie yesterday and another one today.又 shows another happened action.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Past/already = 又. Future/request = 再.

Common mistakes

我昨天看了一个电影今天看又一个。

The word order does not follow the pattern “又 + Verb = again in past; 再 + Verb = again in future”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我昨天看了一个电影今天又看一个。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 昨天 + 看 + 了 + 一个 + 电影 + 今天 + 又 + 看 + 一个.

我昨天看了一个电影今天看一个。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““又”和“再””.

我昨天看了一个电影今天又看一个。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 又、再 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 又 + Verb = again in past; 再 + Verb = again in future. Look for the grammar word(s): 又、再.

0/10

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24

HSK3-L8 · Lesson 8

疑问代词活用（1）：哪儿/哪天……就……

Question word + ... + 就 + same question word

Beginner explanation

A question word can mean “any/wherever/whenever” when repeated with 就.

When to use it

Use it to say the choice is flexible.

Visual word order

你哪天有时间就哪天来我家吧

Question word + ... + 就 + same question word

Textbook example

你哪天有时间就哪天来我家吧。

nǐ nǎ tiān yǒu shíjiān jiù nǎ tiān lái wǒ jiā baCome to my house whenever you have time.哪天...就哪天 = any day that works.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: In this use, the question word does not ask. It means any choice.

Common mistakes

你哪天有时间哪天就来我家吧。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Question word + ... + 就 + same question word”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

你哪天有时间就哪天来我家吧。

Put the words in this order: 你 + 哪天 + 有 + 时间 + 就 + 哪天 + 来 + 我 + 家 + 吧.

你哪天有时间哪天来我家吧。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “疑问代词活用（1）：哪儿/哪天……就……”.

你哪天有时间就哪天来我家吧。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 哪儿、就 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Question word + ... + 就 + same question word. Look for the grammar word(s): 哪儿、就.

0/10

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25

HSK3-L8 · Lesson 8

越A越B

越 + A + 越 + B

Beginner explanation

This means “the more A, the more B”.

When to use it

Use it to show two changes move together.

Visual word order

山越高越难走

越 + A + 越 + B

Textbook example

山越高越难走。

shān yuè gāo yuè nán zǒuThe higher the mountain, the harder it is to walk.越高越难 = as height increases, difficulty increases.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 越来越 is one thing changing. 越A越B is two linked changes.

Common mistakes

山高越越难走。

The word order does not follow the pattern “越 + A + 越 + B”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

山越高越难走。

Put the words in this order: 山 + 越 + 高 + 越 + 难 + 走.

山高越难走。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “越A越B”.

山越高越难走。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 越 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 越 + A + 越 + B. Look for the grammar word(s): 越.

0/6

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26

HSK3-L9 · Lesson 9

比较句（1）：跟/和……一样

A + 跟/和 + B + 一样 + Adj

Beginner explanation

This means A is the same as B in some way.

When to use it

Use it when two people/things have the same level or quality.

Visual word order

她的汉语说得跟中国人一样好

A + 跟/和 + B + 一样 + Adj

Textbook example

她的汉语说得跟中国人一样好。

tā de Hànyǔ shuō de gēn Zhōngguó rén yíyàng hǎoShe speaks Chinese as well as Chinese people.跟...一样好 = equally good.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 一样 goes after the compared person/thing, before the adjective.

Common mistakes

她的汉语说得中国人跟一样好。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 跟/和 + B + 一样 + Adj”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

她的汉语说得跟中国人一样好。

Put the words in this order: 她 + 的 + 汉语 + 说 + 得 + 跟 + 中国人 + 一样 + 好.

她的汉语说得中国人一样好。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “比较句（1）：跟/和……一样”.

她的汉语说得跟中国人一样好。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 跟、和、一样 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 跟/和 + B + 一样 + Adj. Look for the grammar word(s): 跟、和、一样.

0/9

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27

HSK3-L9 · Lesson 9

比较句（1）：跟/和……不一样

A + 跟/和 + B + 不一样

Beginner explanation

This means A is different from B.

When to use it

Use it when you only want to say “not the same”.

Visual word order

这本书跟那本书不一样

A + 跟/和 + B + 不一样

Textbook example

这本书跟那本书不一样。

zhè běn shū gēn nà běn shū bù yíyàngThis book is different from that one.不一样 = different.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: You usually do not need another adjective after 不一样.

Common mistakes

这本书那跟本书不一样。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 跟/和 + B + 不一样”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

这本书跟那本书不一样。

Put the words in this order: 这 + 本 + 书 + 跟 + 那 + 本 + 书 + 不一样.

这本书那本书不一样。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “比较句（1）：跟/和……不一样”.

这本书跟那本书不一样。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 跟、和、不一样 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 跟/和 + B + 不一样. Look for the grammar word(s): 跟、和、不一样.

0/8

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28

HSK3-L10 · Lesson 10

比较句（2）：比

A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿/一些/得多/多了

Beginner explanation

Use 比 to say A is more adjective than B.

When to use it

Add 一点儿/一些 for a little more, and 得多/多了 for much more.

Visual word order

数学比历史难一点儿

A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿/一些/得多/多了

Textbook example

数学比历史难一点儿。

shùxué bǐ lìshǐ nán yìdiǎnrMath is a little more difficult than history.比 compares two subjects.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Do not put 很 after 比. Say A比B大, not A比B很大.

Common mistakes

数学历史比难一点儿。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿/一些/得多/多了”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

数学比历史难一点儿。

Put the words in this order: 数学 + 比 + 历史 + 难 + 一点儿.

数学历史难一点儿。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “比较句（2）：比”.

数学比历史难一点儿。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 比 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 比 + B + Adj + 一点儿/一些/得多/多了. Look for the grammar word(s): 比.

0/5

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29

HSK3-L10 · Lesson 10

比较句（2）：没有

A + 没有 + B + 这么/那么 + Adj

Beginner explanation

Use 没有 to say A is not as adjective as B.

When to use it

It is a negative comparison.

Visual word order

数学没有历史这么难

A + 没有 + B + 这么/那么 + Adj

Textbook example

数学没有历史这么难。

shùxué méiyǒu lìshǐ zhème nánMath is not as difficult as history.没有...这么/那么... = not as...

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 没有 in comparison does not mean “do not have”. It means “not as”.

Common mistakes

数学历史没有这么难。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 没有 + B + 这么/那么 + Adj”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

数学没有历史这么难。

Put the words in this order: 数学 + 没有 + 历史 + 这么 + 难.

数学历史这么难。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “比较句（2）：没有”.

数学没有历史这么难。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 没有 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 没有 + B + 这么/那么 + Adj. Look for the grammar word(s): 没有.

0/5

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30

HSK3-L10 · Lesson 10

概数的表达（1）

Number + Number+1 + Measure word + Noun

Beginner explanation

Put two neighboring numbers together to show an approximate number.

When to use it

Use it when the exact number is not important.

Visual word order

学校附近有三四个车站

Number + Number+1 + Measure word + Noun

Textbook example

学校附近有三四个车站。

xuéxiào fùjìn yǒu sān sì ge chēzhànThere are three or four bus stops near the school.三四个 = about 3 or 4.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Only use neighboring numbers: 三四, 五六, not 三八.

Common mistakes

附近学校有三四个车站。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Number + Number+1 + Measure word + Noun”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

学校附近有三四个车站。

Put the words in this order: 学校 + 附近 + 有 + 三四 + 个 + 车站.

学校有三四个车站。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “概数的表达（1）”.

学校附近有三四个车站。

Keep the grammar marker(s) shown in the pattern in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Number + Number+1 + Measure word + Noun. Look for the grammar word(s): word order.

0/6

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31

HSK3-L11 · Lesson 11

“把”字句（1）

A + 把 + B + Verb + 了

Beginner explanation

Use 把 when you want to show what someone did to a specific thing. The thing comes right after 把.

When to use it

Use it when the object is known/specific and the action changes it.

Visual word order

我把爸爸的生日忘了

A + 把 + B + Verb + 了

Textbook example

我把爸爸的生日忘了。

wǒ bǎ bàba de shēngrì wàng leI forgot Dad's birthday.爸爸的生日 is the specific object.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: In 把 sentences, B is usually a specific thing, not a general unknown thing.

Common mistakes

我爸爸把的生日忘了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 把 + B + Verb + 了”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我把爸爸的生日忘了。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 把 + 爸爸 + 的 + 生日 + 忘 + 了.

我爸爸的生日忘了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““把”字句（1）”.

我把爸爸的生日忘了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 把、了 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 把 + B + Verb + 了. Look for the grammar word(s): 把、了.

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32

HSK3-L11 · Lesson 11

概数的表达（2）

Number + Measure word + Noun + 左右

Beginner explanation

左右 means “about” or “around”.

When to use it

Use it after time, quantity, age, or money.

Visual word order

王经理两点左右来了个电话

Number + Measure word + Noun + 左右

Textbook example

王经理两点左右来了个电话。

Wáng jīnglǐ liǎng diǎn zuǒyòu lái le ge diànhuàManager Wang called around two o'clock.两点左右 = around two.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 左右 goes after the number phrase, not before it.

Common mistakes

王经理两点来了左右个电话。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Number + Measure word + Noun + 左右”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

王经理两点左右来了个电话。

Put the words in this order: 王经理 + 两点 + 左右 + 来了 + 个 + 电话.

王经理两点来了个电话。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “概数的表达（2）”.

王经理两点左右来了个电话。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 左右 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Number + Measure word + Noun + 左右. Look for the grammar word(s): 左右.

0/6

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33

HSK3-L11 · Lesson 11

“才”和“就”

才 + Verb = late/only then; 就 + Verb = early/already

Beginner explanation

才 often feels late, slow, or only then. 就 often feels early, fast, or already.

When to use it

Use them to show the speaker’s feeling about timing.

Visual word order

来机场的路上我才发现忘记带护照了

才 + Verb = late/only then; 就 + Verb = early/already

Textbook example

来机场的路上我才发现忘记带护照了。

lái jīchǎng de lùshang wǒ cái fāxiàn wàngjì dài hùzhào leOn the way to the airport I realized I had forgotten my passport.才 shows late realization.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 才 and 就 add feeling. They are not only time words.

Common mistakes

来机场的路上我发现才忘记带护照了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “才 + Verb = late/only then; 就 + Verb = early/already”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

来机场的路上我才发现忘记带护照了。

Put the words in this order: 来 + 机场 + 的 + 路上 + 我 + 才 + 发现 + 忘记 + 带 + 护照 + 了.

来机场的路上我发现忘记带护照了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““才”和“就””.

来机场的路上我才发现忘记带护照了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 才、就 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 才 + Verb = late/only then; 就 + Verb = early/already. Look for the grammar word(s): 才、就.

0/11

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34

HSK3-L12 · Lesson 12

“把”字句（2）：在/到/给

A + 把 + B + V + 在/到/给 + place/person

Beginner explanation

This 把 pattern shows where something is placed, moved, or given.

When to use it

Use 在 for final place, 到 for movement to a place, 给 for giving to a person.

Visual word order

老师把作业放在桌子上了

A + 把 + B + V + 在/到/给 + place/person

Textbook example

老师把作业放在桌子上了。

lǎoshī bǎ zuòyè fàng zài zhuōzi shàng leThe teacher put the homework on the desk.放在 shows final place.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: After the verb, add 在/到/给 to complete the meaning.

Common mistakes

老师作业把放在桌子上了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 把 + B + V + 在/到/给 + place/person”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

老师把作业放在桌子上了。

Put the words in this order: 老师 + 把 + 作业 + 放 + 在 + 桌子 + 上 + 了.

老师作业放在桌子上了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““把”字句（2）：在/到/给”.

老师把作业放在桌子上了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 把、在、到、给 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 把 + B + V + 在/到/给 + place/person. Look for the grammar word(s): 把、在、到、给.

0/8

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35

HSK3-L13 · Lesson 13

复合趋向补语

Verb 1 + Verb 2 + 来/去

Beginner explanation

A compound direction complement has two direction parts, like 跑出来, 走进去, 拿出来.

When to use it

Use it to show detailed movement: out, in, up, down, back, over, plus toward/away.

Visual word order

小狗从房间跑出来

Verb 1 + Verb 2 + 来/去

Textbook example

小狗从房间跑出来。

xiǎo gǒu cóng fángjiān pǎo chūláiThe dog ran out of the room.跑出来 = run out toward here/out.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: The second direction word 来/去 still depends on speaker direction.

Common mistakes

从小狗房间跑出来。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb 1 + Verb 2 + 来/去”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

小狗从房间跑出来。

Put the words in this order: 小狗 + 从 + 房间 + 跑 + 出来.

小狗房间跑出来。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “复合趋向补语”.

小狗从房间跑出来。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 来、去 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb 1 + Verb 2 + 来/去. Look for the grammar word(s): 来、去.

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36

HSK3-L13 · Lesson 13

一边……一边……

一边 + Verb 1 + 一边 + Verb 2

Beginner explanation

Use this to say two actions happen at the same time.

When to use it

Use it for actions one person can do together.

Visual word order

我丈夫喜欢一边看报纸一边吃早饭

一边 + Verb 1 + 一边 + Verb 2

Textbook example

我丈夫喜欢一边看报纸一边吃早饭。

wǒ zhàngfu xǐhuan yìbiān kàn bàozhǐ yìbiān chī zǎofànMy husband likes to have breakfast while reading the newspaper.Two actions happen together.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Usually both actions have the same subject.

Common mistakes

我丈夫喜欢看一边报纸一边吃早饭。

The word order does not follow the pattern “一边 + Verb 1 + 一边 + Verb 2”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我丈夫喜欢一边看报纸一边吃早饭。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 丈夫 + 喜欢 + 一边 + 看 + 报纸 + 一边 + 吃 + 早饭.

我丈夫喜欢看报纸一边吃早饭。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “一边……一边……”.

我丈夫喜欢一边看报纸一边吃早饭。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 一边 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 一边 + Verb 1 + 一边 + Verb 2. Look for the grammar word(s): 一边.

0/9

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37

HSK3-L14 · Lesson 14

“把”字句（3）：结果/方向补语

A + 把 + B + Verb + complement

Beginner explanation

This 把 sentence must show the result or direction of the action.

When to use it

Use it when an action changes the object or moves it.

Visual word order

我把衣服洗干净了

A + 把 + B + Verb + complement

Textbook example

我把衣服洗干净了。

wǒ bǎ yīfu xǐ gānjìng leI cleaned my clothes.洗干净 = wash until clean.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: A 把 sentence usually needs an ending/result, not just a bare verb.

Common mistakes

我衣服把洗干净了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 把 + B + Verb + complement”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我把衣服洗干净了。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 把 + 衣服 + 洗 + 干净 + 了.

我衣服洗干净了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““把”字句（3）：结果/方向补语”.

我把衣服洗干净了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 把 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 把 + B + Verb + complement. Look for the grammar word(s): 把.

0/6

Build the example sentence

38

HSK3-L14 · Lesson 14

动作的先后顺序

先……，再/又……，然后……

Beginner explanation

Use 先, 再, 然后 to show action order: first, then, after that.

When to use it

Use it to explain steps or a plan.

Visual word order

回家以后我先做作业再吃饭然后看电视

先……，再/又……，然后……

Textbook example

回家以后我先做作业再吃饭然后看电视。

huíjiā yǐhòu wǒ xiān zuò zuòyè zài chīfàn ránhòu kàn diànshìAfter I go home, I first do homework, then eat, then watch TV.Clear sequence of actions.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Put time order words before the actions.

Common mistakes

回家以后我做先作业再吃饭然后看电视。

The word order does not follow the pattern “先……，再/又……，然后……”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

回家以后我先做作业再吃饭然后看电视。

Put the words in this order: 回家 + 以后 + 我 + 先 + 做 + 作业 + 再 + 吃饭 + 然后 + 看 + 电视.

回家以后我做作业再吃饭然后看电视。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “动作的先后顺序”.

回家以后我先做作业再吃饭然后看电视。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 先、再、然后 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 先……，再/又……，然后……. Look for the grammar word(s): 先、再、然后.

0/11

Build the example sentence

39

HSK3-L15 · Lesson 15

除了……以外，都/也/还……

除了 + X + 以外, ... 都/也/还 ...

Beginner explanation

除了...以外 can mean “except” or “besides”. 都 means everyone/everything else. 也/还 means also/besides.

When to use it

Use 都 for excluding one; use 也/还 for adding another.

Visual word order

除了他其他人都来了

除了 + X + 以外, ... 都/也/还 ...

Textbook example

除了他其他人都来了。

chúle tā qítā rén dōu lái leEveryone came except him.都 shows all the others.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Decide the meaning from 都 or 也/还.

Common mistakes

他除了其他人都来了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “除了 + X + 以外, ... 都/也/还 ...”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

除了他其他人都来了。

Put the words in this order: 除了 + 他 + 其他人 + 都 + 来了.

他其他人都来了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “除了……以外，都/也/还……”.

除了他其他人都来了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 除了、以外、都、也、还 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 除了 + X + 以外, ... 都/也/还 .... Look for the grammar word(s): 除了、以外、都、也、还.

0/5

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40

HSK3-L15 · Lesson 15

疑问代词活用（2）：什么

……什么……

Beginner explanation

什么 can mean “anything/something” in a general sentence, not a real question.

When to use it

Use it when you mean any unclear thing.

Visual word order

以后有什么不明白的地方可以给我打电话

……什么……

Textbook example

以后有什么不明白的地方可以给我打电话。

yǐhòu yǒu shénme bù míngbai de dìfang kěyǐ gěi wǒ dǎ diànhuàIf there is anything you don't understand later, you can call me.什么 does not ask a question here.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: When 什么 is not followed by a question mark, it may not be a question.

Common mistakes

以后有不什么明白的地方可以给我打电话。

The word order does not follow the pattern “……什么……”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

以后有什么不明白的地方可以给我打电话。

Put the words in this order: 以后 + 有 + 什么 + 不 + 明白 + 的 + 地方 + 可以 + 给 + 我 + 打电话.

以后有不明白的地方可以给我打电话。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “疑问代词活用（2）：什么”.

以后有什么不明白的地方可以给我打电话。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 什么 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: ……什么……. Look for the grammar word(s): 什么.

0/11

Build the example sentence

41

HSK3-L15 · Lesson 15

程度的表达：“极了”

Adjective + 极了

Beginner explanation

极了 means “extremely” or “very very”.

When to use it

Use it after an adjective to make the feeling very strong.

Visual word order

他满意极了

Adjective + 极了

Textbook example

他满意极了。

tā mǎnyì jíleHe was extremely satisfied.满意极了 = very satisfied.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Put 极了 after the adjective, not before it.

Common mistakes

他极了满意。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Adjective + 极了”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

他满意极了。

Put the words in this order: 他 + 满意 + 极了.

他满意。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “程度的表达：“极了””.

他满意极了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 极了 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Adjective + 极了. Look for the grammar word(s): 极了.

0/3

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42

HSK3-L16 · Lesson 16

如果……就……

如果 + condition, 就 + result

Beginner explanation

如果 means “if”. 就 introduces the result or suggestion.

When to use it

Use it for conditions and results.

Visual word order

如果不舒服的话就去医院检查一下吧

如果 + condition, 就 + result

Textbook example

如果不舒服的话就去医院检查一下吧。

rúguǒ bù shūfu de huà jiù qù yīyuàn jiǎnchá yíxià baIf you don't feel well, go to the hospital for a check-up.如果...就... gives condition + result.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: In Chinese, 就 often appears in the result part.

Common mistakes

不如果舒服的话就去医院检查一下吧。

The word order does not follow the pattern “如果 + condition, 就 + result”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

如果不舒服的话就去医院检查一下吧。

Put the words in this order: 如果 + 不 + 舒服 + 的话 + 就 + 去 + 医院 + 检查 + 一下 + 吧.

不舒服的话就去医院检查一下吧。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “如果……就……”.

如果不舒服的话就去医院检查一下吧。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 如果、就 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 如果 + condition, 就 + result. Look for the grammar word(s): 如果、就.

0/10

Build the example sentence

43

HSK3-L16 · Lesson 16

复杂的状态补语

Adjective/Verb + 得 + clause

Beginner explanation

Use 得 + clause to show the degree or result of a state/action.

When to use it

It often means “so...that...”.

Visual word order

人们忙得没时间跟别人见面

Adjective/Verb + 得 + clause

Textbook example

人们忙得没时间跟别人见面。

rénmen máng de méi shíjiān gēn biéren jiànmiànPeople are so busy that they have no time to meet others.忙得... = busy to the degree that...

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: After 得, add the result of the degree. It is not just one adjective.

Common mistakes

人们忙没得时间跟别人见面。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Adjective/Verb + 得 + clause”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

人们忙得没时间跟别人见面。

Put the words in this order: 人们 + 忙 + 得 + 没 + 时间 + 跟 + 别人 + 见面.

人们忙没时间跟别人见面。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “复杂的状态补语”.

人们忙得没时间跟别人见面。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 得 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Adjective/Verb + 得 + clause. Look for the grammar word(s): 得.

0/8

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44

HSK3-L16 · Lesson 16

形容词重叠

One-syllable Adj + Adj + 的

Beginner explanation

Repeat some adjectives to make a soft, vivid description.

When to use it

Use it for appearance, feelings, or cute descriptions.

Visual word order

你的女儿白白的胖胖的真可爱

One-syllable Adj + Adj + 的

Textbook example

你的女儿白白的胖胖的真可爱。

nǐ de nǚ'ér bái bái de pàng pàng de zhēn kě'àiYour daughter is fair and chubby, really cute.白白的、胖胖的 are repeated adjectives.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: This form often sounds softer and more descriptive.

Common mistakes

女儿你的白白的胖胖的真可爱。

The word order does not follow the pattern “One-syllable Adj + Adj + 的”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

你的女儿白白的胖胖的真可爱。

Put the words in this order: 你的 + 女儿 + 白白的 + 胖胖的 + 真 + 可爱.

你的白白的胖胖的真可爱。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “形容词重叠”.

你的女儿白白的胖胖的真可爱。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 的 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: One-syllable Adj + Adj + 的. Look for the grammar word(s): 的.

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45

HSK3-L16 · Lesson 16

动词重叠

Verb + Verb / ABAB

Beginner explanation

Repeat a verb to make the action lighter, shorter, or more casual.

When to use it

Use it for suggestions or small actions.

Visual word order

我真应该多锻炼锻炼了

Verb + Verb / ABAB

Textbook example

我真应该多锻炼锻炼了。

wǒ zhēn yīnggāi duō duànliàn duànliàn leI really should work out more.锻炼锻炼 = do some exercise.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Verb reduplication makes the action less heavy or shorter.

Common mistakes

真我应该多锻炼锻炼了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb + Verb / ABAB”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我真应该多锻炼锻炼了。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 真 + 应该 + 多 + 锻炼 + 锻炼 + 了.

我真应该多锻炼锻炼。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “动词重叠”.

我真应该多锻炼锻炼了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) shown in the pattern in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb + Verb / ABAB. Look for the grammar word(s): word order.

0/7

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46

HSK3-L17 · Lesson 17

疑问代词活用（3）：Q + 都

Question word + 都

Beginner explanation

A question word with 都 can mean “everywhere/everything/everyone”.

When to use it

Use it with a negative or positive statement to say all cases are included.

Visual word order

最近我觉得哪儿都不舒服

Question word + 都

Textbook example

最近我觉得哪儿都不舒服。

zuìjìn wǒ juéde nǎr dōu bù shūfuRecently I don't feel comfortable anywhere.哪儿都不 = nowhere.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: Q + 都 is not a question. It means all possibilities.

Common mistakes

最近我觉得哪儿不都舒服。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Question word + 都”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

最近我觉得哪儿都不舒服。

Put the words in this order: 最近 + 我 + 觉得 + 哪儿 + 都 + 不 + 舒服.

最近我觉得哪儿不舒服。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “疑问代词活用（3）：Q + 都”.

最近我觉得哪儿都不舒服。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 都 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Question word + 都. Look for the grammar word(s): 都.

0/7

Build the example sentence

47

HSK3-L17 · Lesson 17

只要……就……

只要 + condition, 就 + result

Beginner explanation

只要 means “as long as”. It gives the only condition needed.

When to use it

Use it when one condition is enough for the result.

Visual word order

只要我喜欢就一定会买

只要 + condition, 就 + result

Textbook example

只要我喜欢就一定会买。

zhǐyào wǒ xǐhuan jiù yídìng huì mǎiAs long as I like it, I will definitely buy it.只要...就... = as long as...

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 如果 is a general “if”. 只要 means the condition is enough.

Common mistakes

我只要喜欢就一定会买。

The word order does not follow the pattern “只要 + condition, 就 + result”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

只要我喜欢就一定会买。

Put the words in this order: 只要 + 我 + 喜欢 + 就 + 一定 + 会 + 买.

我喜欢就一定会买。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “只要……就……”.

只要我喜欢就一定会买。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 只要、就 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 只要 + condition, 就 + result. Look for the grammar word(s): 只要、就.

0/7

Build the example sentence

48

HSK3-L18 · Lesson 18

介词“关于”

关于 + noun/topic

Beginner explanation

关于 means “about” or “regarding”. It introduces a topic.

When to use it

Use it before the topic of a question, article, meeting, or discussion.

Visual word order

关于这个工作还有什么问题吗

关于 + noun/topic

Textbook example

关于这个工作还有什么问题吗？

guānyú zhège gōngzuò hái yǒu shénme wèntí maAny other questions about this job?关于这个工作 = about this job.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 关于 is a little more formal than 对于 for beginner use.

Common mistakes

这个关于工作还有什么问题吗？

The word order does not follow the pattern “关于 + noun/topic”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

关于这个工作还有什么问题吗？

Put the words in this order: 关于 + 这个 + 工作 + 还 + 有 + 什么 + 问题 + 吗.

这个工作还有什么问题吗？

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “介词“关于””.

关于这个工作还有什么问题吗？

Keep the grammar marker(s) 关于 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 关于 + noun/topic. Look for the grammar word(s): 关于.

0/8

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49

HSK3-L18 · Lesson 18

趋向补语引申义：出来

Verb + 出来

Beginner explanation

出来 can mean a result appears, something is produced, or someone recognizes something.

When to use it

It does not always mean physical movement.

Visual word order

照片我选了几张洗出来了

Verb + 出来

Textbook example

照片我选了几张洗出来了。

zhàopiàn wǒ xuǎn le jǐ zhāng xǐ chūlái leI selected some photos and developed them.洗出来 = develop/produce photos.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 出来 often means the result comes out and becomes clear.

Common mistakes

照片我选了几张洗了出来。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb + 出来”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

照片我选了几张洗出来了。

Put the words in this order: 照片 + 我 + 选 + 了 + 几张 + 洗 + 出来 + 了.

照片我选了几张洗了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “趋向补语引申义：出来”.

照片我选了几张洗出来了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 出来 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb + 出来. Look for the grammar word(s): 出来.

0/8

Build the example sentence

50

HSK3-L18 · Lesson 18

趋向补语引申义：下来

Adj/Verb + 下来

Beginner explanation

下来 can mean a state becomes calmer, lower, weaker, or settled.

When to use it

Use it when noise, speed, emotion, or a state reduces.

Visual word order

天黑了城市安静下来了

Adj/Verb + 下来

Textbook example

天黑了城市安静下来了。

tiān hēi le chéngshì ānjìng xiàlái leIt was getting dark and the city became quiet.安静下来 = become quiet.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 下来 often feels like the state moves down or becomes settled.

Common mistakes

天黑了城市安静了下来。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Adj/Verb + 下来”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

天黑了城市安静下来了。

Put the words in this order: 天 + 黑 + 了 + 城市 + 安静 + 下来 + 了.

天黑了城市安静了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “趋向补语引申义：下来”.

天黑了城市安静下来了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 下来 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Adj/Verb + 下来. Look for the grammar word(s): 下来.

0/7

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51

HSK3-L18 · Lesson 18

趋向补语引申义：起来

Verb + 起来

Beginner explanation

起来 can mean to start, to recall, or to gather/raise a state.

When to use it

It is often not about standing up.

Visual word order

我想起来你的名字了

Verb + 起来

Textbook example

我想起来你的名字了。

wǒ xiǎng qǐlai nǐ de míngzi leI remember your name.想起来 = recall.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 起来 often shows a new action/state starts or comes into your mind.

Common mistakes

我想你的起来名字了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “Verb + 起来”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我想起来你的名字了。

Put the words in this order: 我 + 想 + 起来 + 你的 + 名字 + 了.

我想你的名字了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “趋向补语引申义：起来”.

我想起来你的名字了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 起来 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: Verb + 起来. Look for the grammar word(s): 起来.

0/6

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52

HSK3-L18 · Lesson 18

看起来 / 看上去

看起来/看上去 + adjective/像...

Beginner explanation

看起来 and 看上去 mean “it seems/looks like”.

When to use it

Use them when judging by appearance.

Visual word order

他今天穿西服看起来像四十多岁

看起来/看上去 + adjective/像...

Textbook example

他今天穿西服看起来像四十多岁。

tā jīntiān chuān xīfú kàn qǐlái xiàng sìshí duō suìHe is wearing a suit today. He looks like he is in his forties.看起来像 = looks like.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 看起来 and 看上去 are almost the same in daily use.

Common mistakes

他今天穿西服像看起来四十多岁。

The word order does not follow the pattern “看起来/看上去 + adjective/像...”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

他今天穿西服看起来像四十多岁。

Put the words in this order: 他 + 今天 + 穿 + 西服 + 看起来 + 像 + 四十 + 多 + 岁.

他今天穿西服像四十多岁。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “看起来 / 看上去”.

他今天穿西服看起来像四十多岁。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 看起来、看上去 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 看起来/看上去 + adjective/像.... Look for the grammar word(s): 看起来、看上去.

0/9

Build the example sentence

53

HSK3-L19 · Lesson 19

“使”“叫”“让”

A + 使/叫/让 + B + Adj/Verb

Beginner explanation

These words mean something makes someone become or do something.

When to use it

Use 让/叫 in daily speech; 使 is more written/formal.

Visual word order

穿运动服使他更年轻

A + 使/叫/让 + B + Adj/Verb

Textbook example

穿运动服使他更年轻。

chuān yùndòngfú shǐ tā gèng niánqīngSports clothes make him younger.使 makes a change.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 让 is safest for daily speaking. 使 sounds more formal.

Common mistakes

穿运动服他使更年轻。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 使/叫/让 + B + Adj/Verb”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

穿运动服使他更年轻。

Put the words in this order: 穿 + 运动服 + 使 + 他 + 更 + 年轻.

穿运动服他更年轻。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““使”“叫”“让””.

穿运动服使他更年轻。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 使、叫、让 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 使/叫/让 + B + Adj/Verb. Look for the grammar word(s): 使、叫、让.

0/6

Build the example sentence

54

HSK3-L19 · Lesson 19

“被”字句

A + 被/让/叫 + B + Verb + result

Beginner explanation

Use 被 when the subject receives the action. It often shows an unwanted or important result.

When to use it

Use it when you want to focus on what happened to the thing/person.

Visual word order

我的照相机被妈妈拿走了

A + 被/让/叫 + B + Verb + result

Textbook example

我的照相机被妈妈拿走了。

wǒ de zhàoxiàngjī bèi māma ná zǒu leMy camera was taken away by my mother.照相机 receives the action.

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: A 被 sentence usually needs a result like 走了, 破了, 完了, 解决.

Common mistakes

我的照相机妈妈被拿走了。

The word order does not follow the pattern “A + 被/让/叫 + B + Verb + result”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

我的照相机被妈妈拿走了。

Put the words in this order: 我的 + 照相机 + 被 + 妈妈 + 拿 + 走 + 了.

我的照相机妈妈拿走了。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows ““被”字句”.

我的照相机被妈妈拿走了。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 被、让、叫 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: A + 被/让/叫 + B + Verb + result. Look for the grammar word(s): 被、让、叫.

0/7

Build the example sentence

55

HSK3-L20 · Lesson 20

只有……才……

只有 + condition, 才 + result

Beginner explanation

只有...才 means “only if...then...”. The condition is necessary.

When to use it

Use it when only one condition can make the result happen.

Visual word order

看来只有爱才能让人有变化

只有 + condition, 才 + result

Textbook example

看来只有爱才能让人有变化。

kànlái zhǐyǒu ài cái néng ràng rén yǒu biànhuàIt seems that only love can make people change.只有爱才... = only love can...

Teacher tip

Teacher tip: 只要 = as long as one condition is enough. 只有...才 = only this condition works.

Common mistakes

看来爱只有才能让人有变化。

The word order does not follow the pattern “只有 + condition, 才 + result”. Chinese grammar is strict about where the grammar word goes.

看来只有爱才能让人有变化。

Put the words in this order: 看来 + 只有 + 爱 + 才 + 能 + 让 + 人 + 有 + 变化.

看来爱才能让人有变化。

A key grammar word is missing. Without it, the sentence no longer clearly shows “只有……才……”.

看来只有爱才能让人有变化。

Keep the grammar marker(s) 只有、才 in the sentence.

Mini dialogue

Quick practiceUse the pattern: 只有 + condition, 才 + result. Look for the grammar word(s): 只有、才.

0/9

Build the example sentence